PRoMs - The Production and Reading of Music Sources

Mise-en-page in manuscripts and printed books containing polyphonic music, 1480—1530

Manuscript: Leipzig, Germany, Universitätsbibliothek, MS 1494

Manuscript type: choirbook

RISM siglum: D-LEu 1494

DIAMM Source Key: 1866

Image repositories: Manuscripta medievalia

Folio(s): All folios

Date: c. 1490-1504

Location of origin: Leipzig, Germany

Provenance

C. 1490-1504. Possibly copied in Leipzig. According to inscription inside back cover, manuscript was bound in Leipzig on September 1, 1504, at the behest of Nikolaus Apel (c. 1470-1537). Apel came to Leipzig in 1492 as a student at the university; he later became a member of the faculty and served for a time as chancellor. The precise nature of Apel's relationship to the manuscript, other than his responsibility for its binding, has not been established. Apel was perhaps responsible for compiling the music, may have commissioned the work of the various scribes, and presumably played a role in the transmission of the manuscript to the Universitätsbibliothek.

Artists/Scribes

Person: Apel, Nikolaus
Person type: scribe

Person: Anonymous, Anonymous
Person type: scribe

Basis for description: original

Leipzig, Germany, Universitätsbibliothek, MS 1494, All folios

Physical description

Material: paper

Number of leaves: 256 (2 lost through restoration in 1969)

Format: upright

Page dimensions: 315 x 210

Quire structure: Text version

Non-musical texts: On front pastedown and recto of front flyleaf (now fol. 1) - see EdM 34, pp. 396-397.
Some texts added (by Nikolaus Apel?) on inside front cover and f. 1 after manuscript was bound; dates associated with these additions (ranging from 1506 to 1519) are only dates in manuscript.

Other devices: 1. Original quire marks [a1]-y4, brown ink bottom right (missing on some folios), [al], a2, a3, … y6. Letters "u" and "w" not used. Perhaps by Nikolaus Apel or the original binder.
3. Modern foliation pencil top right, 1-215, 217-253, 255-258.

Page details (zoom):

Preparation and Copying

127-138

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10-11 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
untexted all voice parts normally no text except some incipits
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 3)
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note low to medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
low to medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts no
Text repetitions n/a
Abbreviations none
Non underlaid vocal text none
139-141, 148-150

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text sometimes indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
142-147

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a never
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
151-162

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern highly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, quite even
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
163-180, 185-190r

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, rarely, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text sometimes slightly indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
181r

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
none never
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
182-183

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern highly regular
9 pentagrams, ruled freehand, very even
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
black always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
triple n/a 182 fol. 182 indented over 3 lines
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
none never
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
190v-201r

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never,
tbc
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text sometimes very slightly indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid sometimes left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
notation and staves extended into margin rarely staves extended into margin to accommodate notation
201v-215r

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
11 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never,
tbc
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text sometimes very slightly indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid sometimes left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
notation and staves extended into margin rarely staves extended into margin to accommodate notation
217-228

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern highly regular
9 pentagrams, ruled freehand, quite even
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never,
tbc
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point or lead point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
black always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
made for complete additional staves n/a fol. 227 extra stave at bottom
229-240

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, rarely, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10-11 pentagrams, ruled freehand, quite even
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never,
tbc
Note 230v-231r 11 staves, same rastrum, 9-10 mm apart
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
partial additional staves n/a 213r extra partial stave at bottom
2-37

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
single line to left and right, rarely, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
all,
7 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left below voice parts as part of grid often
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
varies all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation folios all
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 1)
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts yes
multiple strophes for hymns under music where text present at all
Text repetitions none
Abbreviations very many
frequent
Non underlaid vocal text none

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
Decoration initial type Frequency Folios Initial type(s) Size position Description Discrepancies
initials planned always indent over staves apparently for initials, but none executed and no initials missing in underlaid text
241-246, 249-253

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
double line to left and right, two top line of each stave all the way across the page, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
8-10 pentagrams, lines drawn individually, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never,
tbc
Note 245v-246r ruled with rastrum 14.5 mm
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
brown ink always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
straightedge always pen and straightedge
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
none n/a tbc
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text n/a tbc
247-248

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
9 pentagrams, ruled freehand, very uneven
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves n/a,
tbc
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
hard point always
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
black always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
255-258
38-49, 56-67

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
single line to left and right, rarely, no lines for text
Ruling pattern fairly regular
all,
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
untexted all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 1); possibly different scribe on ff. 61v-62r
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Non underlaid vocal text additional
some added on fol. 61v
Later changes some text added on fol. 64v (D), text on ff. 61v-62r possibly there from the start (German cursive, several hymn strophes)

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
50-51, 54-55

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern variable
6-12 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left below voice parts as part of grid often
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s)
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
varies all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards
Monophonic notation present
50v
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note low to medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
low to medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts yes
multiple strophes for hymns under music where text present
Text repetitions none
Abbreviations very many
frequent
Non underlaid vocal text none

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
52r, 53v

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
13-14 pentagrams, lines drawn individually, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance; top line of additional stave visible at bottom, apparently trimmed
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
straightedge always pen and straightedge
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left below voice parts as part of grid always
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
untexted all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems straight up
Monophonic notation present
53r
Level of calligraphy poor
Level of calligraphy note low
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none

Decoration 1

Level of Decoration n/a

Decoration 2

Level of Decoration n/a
52v-53r

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid always,
single line to left and right, top line of each stave all the way across the page, no lines for text
Ruling pattern highly regular
9 pentagrams, lines drawn individually, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
brown ink always all
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always all
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
straightedge always pen and straightedge
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left below voice parts as part of grid often
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
untexted all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note low to medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Later changes Folios
short piece added by differenct scribe on last two ruled staves at bottom of fol. 53r (texted)

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
68-75

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
9-10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text sometimes slightly indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid always left between or below voice parts as part of grid, often
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) German, Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
varies all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, very slender, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 2)
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note low to medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
low to medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts no
Text repetitions none
Abbreviations some
Non underlaid vocal text none

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
76-87

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
9-10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
varies all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, very slender, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 2)
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
low to medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts no
Text repetitions none
Abbreviations some
Non underlaid vocal text none
Liminary text 82v: tacet instructions

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a
88-126

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking never
Ruled grid never,
no lines
Ruling pattern fairly regular
10 pentagrams, ruled freehand, sometimes uneven, not parallel, slightly varying in distance
Staves omitted from grid never
Incomplete staves never
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
n/a n/a
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
brown always all
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
none never no indented staves, music and text indented over 1 stave to accommodate initial or voice designation
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
left between voice parts as part of grid often left between or below voice parts as part of grid
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
partial additional staves n/a 121r added partial stave fol. 121r bottom

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always,
all
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
varies all voice parts always
Music
Colour(s) of notation brown
Colour of notation folios all
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note teardrop shape, separate long stems slightly sloping backwards (Gerber scribe 3)
Monophonic notation absent
Level of calligraphy fair
Level of calligraphy note low to medium
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
none
Line fillers Folios Note
none
Later changes Folios
fragments added on wrapper (fol. 88r, 102v) and on inserted partial leaf (fol. 100)
Text
Types of script cursive
Types of script note German
Level of calligraphy fair,
all,
low to medium
Colour(s) of text brown
all
Multiple texts no
Text repetitions none
Abbreviations very many
Non underlaid vocal text none

Decoration

Level of Decoration n/a