PRoMs - The Production and Reading of Music Sources

Mise-en-page in manuscripts and printed books containing polyphonic music, 1480—1530

Manuscript: Brussels, Belgium, Bibliothèque Royal Albert 1er/Koninklijke Bibliotheek Albert I, MS IV.922

Manuscript type: choirbook

RISM siglum: B-Br IV.922

DIAMM Source Key: 831

Image repositories: IDEM

Folio(s): All folios

Date: c. 1520, one quire (117-125) c. 1515

Based on the chronology of scribes, Warmington dates the core of the manuscript to 1520-21. This coincides with the appointment of Pompeius Occo as warden of the Nieuwe Kerk from 1521 to 1526 where the book may originally have been used. One fascicle (ff. 117-125) has been recycled for this manuscript and dates from c. 1515. (Warmington 1981, 409).

(A terminus post quem of 1526 is obsolete. That date is based on the fact that Anthonius Divitis is indicated as deceased in the manuscript, but his name appears only in an ascription that may be a copying error. In the Occo Codex, the Requiem is ascribed to 'Anthonius Divitis pie memorie'; in two earlier manuscripts from Alamire's workshop, the composition is ascribed to 'Anthonius de fevin pie memorie.' The scribe in the Occo Codex may well have misread the name without having had any independent knowledge of Divitis's death. (Warmington 1981, 408-9)

Location of origin: Mechelen, Belgium

Provenance

1) Pompeius Occo of Amsterdam, merchant and bank representative (c. 1480-1537) and Gerbrich Claesdr, wife of Pompeius Occo (heraldic arms of Pompeius Occo, with two mottos 'In melius singula' and 'Pompeius Occo Natione Frisius', f. 13r; heraldic arms of Gerbrich Claesdr, f. 29r; inscription, f. 4r). 2) Charles Gillès de Pélichy, Bruges (label inside upper cover: 'Ex Bibliotheca Baron Charles Gillès de Pélichy Brugensis, 1872-1953. Galerie Garnier 1972-1973). 3) Galerie Garnier, Bruges, 1972-1973 (see label). 4) Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique / Koningklijke Bibliotheek.

Artists/Scribes

Person: Alamire, Petrus (member of Habsburg-Burgundian 'Alamire' workshop (Mechelen, Belgium))
Person type: scribe
Note: Petrus Alamire was the proofreader. Examples of his hand are found in later additions on folios 9v, 16r, 37r, 41r, 51r, 76v, 104v, 105v, 106v, 107v, 108r/v, 110v, 111v, 112r, and 114r (<a href="/bibliography/#entry929" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘Review of Huys, Bernard and Sebastian A.C. Dudok Van Heel (eds.), Occo Codex (Brussels, Royal Library, Albert I, MS. IV. 922 (Buren, 1979)’, Notes, second series, 38.2 (1981), 406–9 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1981</a>, 408).

Person: Scribe I, (member of Habsburg-Burgundian 'Alamire' workshop (Mechelen, Belgium))
Person type: scribe
Note: Scribe I was the main scribe for the music, text and calligraphic initials from ff. 42v-116v (<a href="/bibliography/#entry929" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘Review of Huys, Bernard and Sebastian A.C. Dudok Van Heel (eds.), Occo Codex (Brussels, Royal Library, Albert I, MS. IV. 922 (Buren, 1979)’, Notes, second series, 38.2 (1981), 406–9 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1981</a>, 408; <a href="/bibliography/#entry640" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Kiel, Jacobijn and Flynn Warmington, ‘Overview of the Scribes’, in Kellman 1999, 47–52 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Kiel/Warmington 1999</a>, 52; <a href="/bibliography/#entry931" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘A Survey of Scribal Hands in the Manuscripts’, in Kellman 1999, 41–6 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1999</a>, 43, note 45).

Person: Scribe D, (member of Habsburg-Burgundian 'Alamire' workshop (Mechelen, Belgium))
Person type: scribe
Note: Scribe D was responsible for the music and text in two sections from ff. 4r-41r and ff. 125v-148r, as well as the voice designations for all the first openings of Masses copied by the main scribe I (<a href="/bibliography/#entry929" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘Review of Huys, Bernard and Sebastian A.C. Dudok Van Heel (eds.), Occo Codex (Brussels, Royal Library, Albert I, MS. IV. 922 (Buren, 1979)’, Notes, second series, 38.2 (1981), 406–9 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1981</a>, 408; <a href="/bibliography/#entry640" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Kiel, Jacobijn and Flynn Warmington, ‘Overview of the Scribes’, in Kellman 1999, 47–52 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Kiel/Warmington 1999</a>, 52; <a href="/bibliography/#entry931" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘A Survey of Scribal Hands in the Manuscripts’, in Kellman 1999, 41–6 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1999</a>, 43, note 45).

Person: Anonymous, Anonymous
Person type: artist
Note: Anonymous (ff. 12v-13r).

Person: Scribe C2, (member of Habsburg-Burgundian 'Alamire' workshop (Mechelen, Belgium))
Person type: scribe
Note: Scribe C2 was the music scribe of one distinct quire devoted to Easter Kyries (ff. 117-125) from c. 1515 (<a href="/bibliography/#entry929" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘Review of Huys, Bernard and Sebastian A.C. Dudok Van Heel (eds.), Occo Codex (Brussels, Royal Library, Albert I, MS. IV. 922 (Buren, 1979)’, Notes, second series, 38.2 (1981), 406–9 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1981</a>, 408; <a href="/bibliography/#entry640" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Kiel, Jacobijn and Flynn Warmington, ‘Overview of the Scribes’, in Kellman 1999, 47–52 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Kiel/Warmington 1999</a>, 52).

Person: Scribe X, (member of Habsburg-Burgundian 'Alamire' workshop (Mechelen, Belgium))
Person type: scribe
Note: Scribe X was the text scribe (he also drew the initials) of one distinct quire devoted to Easter Kyries (ff. 117-125) from c. 1515 (<a href="/bibliography/#entry929" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Warmington, Flynn, ‘Review of Huys, Bernard and Sebastian A.C. Dudok Van Heel (eds.), Occo Codex (Brussels, Royal Library, Albert I, MS. IV. 922 (Buren, 1979)’, Notes, second series, 38.2 (1981), 406–9 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Warmington 1981</a>, 408; <a href="/bibliography/#entry640" data-tooltip="" class="has-tip tip-top reference" data-placement="top" rel="tooltip" data-original-title="" title="Kiel, Jacobijn and Flynn Warmington, ‘Overview of the Scribes’, in Kellman 1999, 47–52 "><i class="fa fa-book"></i>Kiel/Warmington 1999</a>, 52).

Bibliography

Huys 1974, 1-19; Kellman 1976, 209, 215-16; Staehelin 1977, I, xxi, 42, 58, 93, III, 114-15; Huys 1979, xi-xxvii; Warmington 1981, 406-9; Census-Catalogue, I, 98, IV, 297-8; Kellman 1999, no. 6.

Basis for description: original

Brussels, Belgium, Bibliothèque Royal Albert 1er/Koninklijke Bibliotheek Albert I, MS IV.922, All folios

Physical description

Material: parchment

Number of leaves: iii + 145 + iii

Format: upright

Page dimensions: 480 x 345

Quire structure: Text version

Other devices: 1. Tabs pasted onto outer margin at beginning of masses, only two extant (ff. 84, 104).
2. Modern Arabic foliation in pencil in upper right corner, includes the front and rear flyleaves: 1-151.

Page details (zoom):

Preparation and Copying

All folios

Preparation

Disposition of Voice Parts Key

Pricking often,
Prickings in upper and lower margins for vertical bounding lines. Prickings in the outer margin for the maximum of ten staves.
Ruled grid normally,
single line to left and right, text sometimes on single or double line, added where required.
Ruling pattern fairly regular
basically on a 10-stave grid, with staves unruled as required by the music.
Staves omitted from grid often
Incomplete staves occasionally,
9v, 46r, 47v, 51v, 61v, 62r, 76v, 90v, 104v, 112v, 113v, 120v
Medium and colour of grid Frequency Folios Note
lead point often
light brown ink occasionally
Colour of staves Frequency Folios Note
black normally
brown sometimes
Ruling medium Frequency Folios Note
single rastrum always
Indentation for initials Frequency Folios Note
triple occasionally 28v, 42v, 67v, 83v, 85v, 103v, 117v, 121v, 123v mainly at the beginning of Masses
double sometimes At the beginning of movements in the two top voices.
single normally For lower voices and generally for subsections.
Extra space between voice parts Frequency Folios Note
empty ruled staves on grid sometimes
staves not ruled on grid often
Space provided for separate text Frequency Folios Note
no separate text never
Adhoc adaptation Frequency Folios Note
notation and staves extended into margin occasionally
partial additional staves occasionally 52v, 61v, 62r, 76v, 90v, 104v, 112v, 121v
made for complete additional staves rarely 41r

Copying of text and music

Language(s) Flemish, French, Latin
Higlighting none
Order of Copying music first
always
Presence/absence of text Voice part Frequency Folios Note
fully texted with one text all voice parts normally
fully texted with two or more texts tenor rarely 94r
Music
Colour(s) of notation black
Type(s) of notation void mensural
Type of notation note rhomboid shaped notation
Monophonic notation present
3v, 133v-148r,
chant intonations
Level of calligraphy high
Non verbal performance instructions Folios Note
signes-de-renvoi Diamond-shaped, made of four small diamond shapes (ff. 6v, 7r, 138v, 139r), a trio of balls with a descending loop (ff. 16v, 17r, 86v, 87r, 90v, 93r, 97v, 98r, 117v, 118r), a cross with four dots around its centre (ff. 25v, 26r, 75v, 76r, 80v, 81r, 94v, 105r-106r, 112v, 113r, 114v, 115r, 143v, 144r), a trio of diamond shapes with a descending loop (ff. 95r, 101v, 102r), in red ink.
Text 1
Types of script display script
Types of script size position for voice-names and instructions
Level of calligraphy high
Colour(s) of text black red
Text 2
Types of script cursive (bastarda)
Level of calligraphy high
Colour(s) of text black red
Multiple texts yes
Text repetitions few
Abbreviations few
Non underlaid vocal text none
Liminary text composers' names and/or titles (ff. 12v-13r, 28v, 42v, 67v, 83v, 104r, 117v, 121v, 123v, 133v-134r tacet inscriptions (ff. 24r, 38v, 82v, 96v, 97r, 98v, 129r, 138r, 142v, 143r)

Decoration

Level of Decoration very high
Decoration miniature frequency Folios Size position Description Discrepancies
rarely 13r One miniature, two staves high, at the beginning of the contratenor of the first Mass. Heraldic arms and two banderoles displaying the mottos 'In melius singula' and 'Pompeius Occo Natione Frisius'
Decoration border frequency Border type Folios Size Position Description Discrepancies
never None None
Decoration initial type Frequency Folios Initial type(s) Size position Description Discrepancies
penned initials occasionally 28v-29r, 42v-43r, 67v-68r, 83v-84r, 103v-104r, 133v-134r calligraphic with grotesque heads beginning of Masses calligraphic initials decorated with grotesque heads, highlighted with soft washes
initials planned never
painted initials rarely 12v-13r One historiated initial, three staves high (first stave omitted), at the beginning of the discantus of the first Mass (f. 12v). Two acanthus initials, two staves high, at the beginning of the lower voice-parts of the first Mass (ff. 12v-13r) Initial including a monstrance with host on altar, flanked by candles, and two angels in foreground.
painted initials rarely 42v beginning of the third Mass (f. 42v) initial in candelabrae style, three staves high
penned initials rarely 117v, 123v calligraphic beginning of the discantus of the first Kyrie and the following Missa Paschale (ff. 117v, 123v) Calligraphic initials in red ink
penned initials normally beginning of major text divisions calligraphic initials with white borders
penned initials normally beginning of the voice-parts calligraphic initials in black ink
Other decoration frequency Folios Other decoration type(s) Size position Description Discrepancies
never